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package bigarray-compat
include module type of struct include Bigarray end
Element kinds
Big arrays can contain elements of the following kinds:
- IEEE single precision (32 bits) floating-point numbers (
Bigarray.float32_elt), - IEEE double precision (64 bits) floating-point numbers (
Bigarray.float64_elt), - IEEE single precision (2 * 32 bits) floating-point complex numbers (
Bigarray.complex32_elt), - IEEE double precision (2 * 64 bits) floating-point complex numbers (
Bigarray.complex64_elt), - 8-bit integers (signed or unsigned) (
Bigarray.int8_signed_eltorBigarray.int8_unsigned_elt), - 16-bit integers (signed or unsigned) (
Bigarray.int16_signed_eltorBigarray.int16_unsigned_elt), - OCaml integers (signed, 31 bits on 32-bit architectures, 63 bits on 64-bit architectures) (
Bigarray.int_elt), - 32-bit signed integers (
Bigarray.int32_elt), - 64-bit signed integers (
Bigarray.int64_elt), - platform-native signed integers (32 bits on 32-bit architectures, 64 bits on 64-bit architectures) (
Bigarray.nativeint_elt).
Each element kind is represented at the type level by one of the *_elt types defined below (defined with a single constructor instead of abstract types for technical injectivity reasons).
type ('a, 'b) kind = ('a, 'b) CamlinternalBigarray.kind = | Float32 : (float, float32_elt) kind| Float64 : (float, float64_elt) kind| Int8_signed : (int, int8_signed_elt) kind| Int8_unsigned : (int, int8_unsigned_elt) kind| Int16_signed : (int, int16_signed_elt) kind| Int16_unsigned : (int, int16_unsigned_elt) kind| Int32 : (int32, int32_elt) kind| Int64 : (int64, int64_elt) kind| Int : (int, int_elt) kind| Nativeint : (nativeint, nativeint_elt) kind| Complex32 : (Complex.t, complex32_elt) kind| Complex64 : (Complex.t, complex64_elt) kind| Char : (char, int8_unsigned_elt) kind
To each element kind is associated an OCaml type, which is the type of OCaml values that can be stored in the big array or read back from it. This type is not necessarily the same as the type of the array elements proper: for instance, a big array whose elements are of kind float32_elt contains 32-bit single precision floats, but reading or writing one of its elements from OCaml uses the OCaml type float, which is 64-bit double precision floats.
The GADT type ('a, 'b) kind captures this association of an OCaml type 'a for values read or written in the big array, and of an element kind 'b which represents the actual contents of the big array. Its constructors list all possible associations of OCaml types with element kinds, and are re-exported below for backward-compatibility reasons.
Using a generalized algebraic datatype (GADT) here allows to write well-typed polymorphic functions whose return type depend on the argument type, such as:
let zero : type a b. (a, b) kind -> a = function
| Float32 -> 0.0 | Complex32 -> Complex.zero
| Float64 -> 0.0 | Complex64 -> Complex.zero
| Int8_signed -> 0 | Int8_unsigned -> 0
| Int16_signed -> 0 | Int16_unsigned -> 0
| Int32 -> 0l | Int64 -> 0L
| Int -> 0 | Nativeint -> 0n
| Char -> '\000'val float32 : (float, float32_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val float64 : (float, float64_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val complex32 : (Complex.t, complex32_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val complex64 : (Complex.t, complex64_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val int8_signed : (int, int8_signed_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val int8_unsigned : (int, int8_unsigned_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val int16_signed : (int, int16_signed_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val int16_unsigned : (int, int16_unsigned_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
See Bigarray.char.
See Bigarray.char.
See Bigarray.char.
val nativeint : (nativeint, nativeint_elt) kindSee Bigarray.char.
val char : (char, int8_unsigned_elt) kindAs shown by the types of the values above, big arrays of kind float32_elt and float64_elt are accessed using the OCaml type float. Big arrays of complex kinds complex32_elt, complex64_elt are accessed with the OCaml type Complex.t. Big arrays of integer kinds are accessed using the smallest OCaml integer type large enough to represent the array elements: int for 8- and 16-bit integer bigarrays, as well as OCaml-integer bigarrays; int32 for 32-bit integer bigarrays; int64 for 64-bit integer bigarrays; and nativeint for platform-native integer bigarrays. Finally, big arrays of kind int8_unsigned_elt can also be accessed as arrays of characters instead of arrays of small integers, by using the kind value char instead of int8_unsigned.
val kind_size_in_bytes : ('a, 'b) kind -> intkind_size_in_bytes k is the number of bytes used to store an element of type k.
Array layouts
To facilitate interoperability with existing C and Fortran code, this library supports two different memory layouts for big arrays, one compatible with the C conventions, the other compatible with the Fortran conventions.
In the C-style layout, array indices start at 0, and multi-dimensional arrays are laid out in row-major format. That is, for a two-dimensional array, all elements of row 0 are contiguous in memory, followed by all elements of row 1, etc. In other terms, the array elements at (x,y) and (x, y+1) are adjacent in memory.
In the Fortran-style layout, array indices start at 1, and multi-dimensional arrays are laid out in column-major format. That is, for a two-dimensional array, all elements of column 0 are contiguous in memory, followed by all elements of column 1, etc. In other terms, the array elements at (x,y) and (x+1, y) are adjacent in memory.
Each layout style is identified at the type level by the phantom types Bigarray.c_layout and Bigarray.fortran_layout respectively.
Supported layouts
The GADT type 'a layout represents one of the two supported memory layouts: C-style or Fortran-style. Its constructors are re-exported as values below for backward-compatibility reasons.
type 'a layout = 'a CamlinternalBigarray.layout = | C_layout : c_layout layout| Fortran_layout : fortran_layout layout
val fortran_layout : fortran_layout layoutGeneric arrays (of arbitrarily many dimensions)
module Genarray = Bigarray.GenarrayZero-dimensional arrays
module Array0 = Bigarray.Array0Zero-dimensional arrays. The Array0 structure provides operations similar to those of Bigarray.Genarray, but specialized to the case of zero-dimensional arrays that only contain a single scalar value. Statically knowing the number of dimensions of the array allows faster operations, and more precise static type-checking.
One-dimensional arrays
module Array1 = Bigarray.Array1One-dimensional arrays. The Array1 structure provides operations similar to those of Bigarray.Genarray, but specialized to the case of one-dimensional arrays. (The Array2 and Array3 structures below provide operations specialized for two- and three-dimensional arrays.) Statically knowing the number of dimensions of the array allows faster operations, and more precise static type-checking.
Two-dimensional arrays
module Array2 = Bigarray.Array2Two-dimensional arrays. The Array2 structure provides operations similar to those of Bigarray.Genarray, but specialized to the case of two-dimensional arrays.
Three-dimensional arrays
module Array3 = Bigarray.Array3Three-dimensional arrays. The Array3 structure provides operations similar to those of Bigarray.Genarray, but specialized to the case of three-dimensional arrays.
Coercions between generic big arrays and fixed-dimension big arrays
val genarray_of_array0 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Array0.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.tReturn the generic big array corresponding to the given zero-dimensional big array.
val genarray_of_array1 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Array1.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.tReturn the generic big array corresponding to the given one-dimensional big array.
val genarray_of_array2 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Array2.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.tReturn the generic big array corresponding to the given two-dimensional big array.
val genarray_of_array3 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Array3.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.tReturn the generic big array corresponding to the given three-dimensional big array.
val array0_of_genarray : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array0.tReturn the zero-dimensional big array corresponding to the given generic big array. Raise Invalid_argument if the generic big array does not have exactly zero dimension.
val array1_of_genarray : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array1.tReturn the one-dimensional big array corresponding to the given generic big array. Raise Invalid_argument if the generic big array does not have exactly one dimension.
val array2_of_genarray : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array2.tReturn the two-dimensional big array corresponding to the given generic big array. Raise Invalid_argument if the generic big array does not have exactly two dimensions.
val array3_of_genarray : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array3.tReturn the three-dimensional big array corresponding to the given generic big array. Raise Invalid_argument if the generic big array does not have exactly three dimensions.
Re-shaping big arrays
val reshape : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> int array -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.treshape b [|d1;...;dN|] converts the big array b to a N-dimensional array of dimensions d1...dN. The returned array and the original array b share their data and have the same layout. For instance, assuming that b is a one-dimensional array of dimension 12, reshape b [|3;4|] returns a two-dimensional array b' of dimensions 3 and 4. If b has C layout, the element (x,y) of b' corresponds to the element x * 3 + y of b. If b has Fortran layout, the element (x,y) of b' corresponds to the element x + (y - 1) * 4 of b. The returned big array must have exactly the same number of elements as the original big array b. That is, the product of the dimensions of b must be equal to i1 * ... * iN. Otherwise, Invalid_argument is raised.
val reshape_0 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array0.tSpecialized version of Bigarray.reshape for reshaping to zero-dimensional arrays.
val reshape_1 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> int -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array1.tSpecialized version of Bigarray.reshape for reshaping to one-dimensional arrays.
val reshape_2 : ('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t -> int -> int -> ('a, 'b, 'c) Array2.tSpecialized version of Bigarray.reshape for reshaping to two-dimensional arrays.
val reshape_3 :
('a, 'b, 'c) Genarray.t ->
int ->
int ->
int ->
('a, 'b, 'c) Array3.tSpecialized version of Bigarray.reshape for reshaping to three-dimensional arrays.